人工湿地常用生物陶粒基质LDHs覆膜改性及其除磷效果研究

分别利用3种二价金属化合物和3种三价金属化合物,采用水热共沉淀法在碱性条件下对人工湿地中常用的生物陶粒基质进行层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)覆膜改性,并将9种不同类型的LDHs覆膜改性生物陶粒基质和普通生物陶粒基质分别填充于10个垂直流人工湿地模拟实验柱中,进行除磷净化实验.结果表明,9种不同类型的改性生物陶粒基质均能有效提高磷素的净化效果;Zn系LDHs改性生物陶粒对总磷、溶解性总磷、磷酸盐均有很好的处理效果,其中Zn Fe-LDHs、Zn Co-LDHs和Zn Al-LDHs对总磷的平均去除率均在92%以上,对溶解性总磷和磷酸盐的平均去除率均超过95%;其对磷素的净化机理主要集中于物理化学作用,同时还应与其对微生物生长的促进作用有关.     

Enhanced CO2 adsorptive performance of PEI/SBA-15 adsorbent using phosphate ester based surfactants as additives

In this study,a series of polyetherimide/SBA-15: 2-D hexagonal P6 mm,Santa Barbara USA(PEI/SBA-15) adsorbents modified by phosphoric ester based surfactants(including tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate(TEP),bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate(BEP) and trimethyl phosphonoacetate(TMPA))were prepared for CO_2 adsorption.Experimental results indicated that the addition of TEP and BEP had positive effects on CO_2 adsorption capacity over PEI/SBA-15.In particular,the CO_2 adsorption amount could be improved by around 20% for 45PEI–5TEP/SBA-15 compared to the additive-free adsorbent.This could be attributed to the decrease of CO_2 diffusion resistance in the PEI bulk network due to the interactions between TEP and loaded PEI molecules,which was further confirmed by adsorption kinetics results.In addition,it was also found that the cyclic performance of the TEP-modified adsorbent was better than the surfactant-free one.This could be due to two main reasons,based on the results of in situ DRIFT and TG-DSC tests.First and more importantly,adsorbed CO_2 species could be desorbed more rapidly over TEP-modified adsorbent during the thermal desorption process.Furthermore,the enhanced thermal stability after TEP addition ensured lower degradation of amine groups during adsorption/desorption cycles.     

共存阴阳离子对针铁矿表面磷固存机制的影响研究

磷素(P)兼具重要养分元素的利和潜在面源污染的弊,其在土壤环境中的固存行为及其迁移转化过程受到广泛关注.该研究选取黄、红壤中典型矿物(针铁矿、赤铁矿及高岭石)为模式矿物,在排除pH干扰的条件下,开展了共存阴(As(V))阳(Cd(II))离子对矿物表面P(V)固存机制的影响研究.结果表明:P(V)在不同矿物表面的吸附效...     

酸/碱改性香蒲生物炭对水中磷的去除及其机制研究

雨水径流中存在的磷污染问题严重威胁生态环境,而传统的雨水径流处理设施,如雨水花园、渗滤沟等,对磷的去除率较低且成本较高.以湿地中收割的香蒲为原材料,酸改性后制备的生物炭（TH7）的除磷效果非常好,明显优于碱改性生物炭（TOH7）：与原生物炭（T7）相比,酸改性生物炭大大提高了磷的去除效率,可从T7的65%提高至94%,而碱改性生物炭无除磷效果.TH7的表面孔隙发达,比表面积高达434.2m²·g^-1,对磷的吸附符合Freundlich模型和伪二级动力学模型,其吸附属于物理化学吸附,具体的机制为孔隙填充、表面化学沉淀、氢键结合.研究表明,以香蒲为原料制备的改性生物炭是一种效果优越的除磷吸附剂,可应用于植草沟、雨水花园等以填料为主要吸附层的径流处理设施中.     

不同磁黄铁矿自养反硝化脱氮除磷作用

氮磷排放标准日趋严格,开发高效廉价脱氮除磷材料已成为研究热点.采用黄铁矿与赤铁矿在管式炉中氮气气氛下600 ℃煅烧,得到硫化赤铁矿形成的磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿热分解形成的磁黄铁矿,构建磁黄铁矿-方解石体系处理含氮磷模拟废水,对比不同方式制备的磁黄铁矿、天然磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、硫磺脱氮除磷性能,考察不同磁黄铁矿晶体结构和结晶度差异及其对脱氮除磷影响,探究不同体系中矿物结构和微生物群落变化.结果表明：黄铁矿热分解产物以六方磁黄铁矿为主;硫化赤铁矿产物以低结晶度的单斜磁黄铁矿为主,因而表现出优异的脱氮除磷活性,氮磷去除率分别为99.8%和96.8%.铁硫化物与微生物反应产物的XRD、SEM和FE-TEM分析结果表明,微生物能有效利用磁黄铁矿进行脱氮,磷酸盐主要以FePO₄形式被去除.群落分析结果表明铁硫化物脱氮除磷体系中的主要功能菌属为Thiobacillus和 Sulfurimonas,结晶度低的单斜磁黄铁矿更有利于Thiobacillus定向富集.     

2种防护涂层体系在湿热海洋环境下防护性能的劣化规律研究

目的 研究2种防护涂层体系在湿热海洋环境下自然暴露3 a的防护性能劣化规律。方法 确定试验件为钢–铝(钢)螺接连接件,试验地点为海南万宁,并按周期测得不同暴露时间下涂层A和涂层B的外观形貌、色差、光泽度、表面傅里叶红外光谱、电化学阻抗的相关数据。通过对比分析测试结果,判断2种涂层在不同暴露时间下的劣化程度,并最终得到其劣化规律。结果 涂层A自然暴露1 a老化严重,紧固件区域涂层剥落,平板区域失光率约为75%,阻抗模量降低5个数量级,色差ΔE^*为5(轻微变色),涂层有机基团老化降解严重。涂层B自然暴露2 a,老化较严重,紧固件区域涂层剥落、生锈,平板失光率约为20%,阻抗模量降低2个数量级,色差ΔE^*为11(严重变色),涂层有机基团轻微老化降解。结论 对于螺钉连接结构,连接区域不仅更容易被腐蚀,而且增加了附近平板区域的不一致性。涂层体系B的保护能力优于涂层体系A,涂层体系B的有效保护时间约为2 a,而涂层体系A则不到1 a。     

Al/BN封严涂层在盐雾环境中的腐蚀性能及表面特征研究

目的 研究Al/BN封严涂层在海洋环境下的腐蚀历程。方法 使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电化学等测试方法,对Al/BN封严涂层在盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为、形貌、显微结构、相组成及耐腐蚀等性能进行研究,分析Al/BN封严涂层在盐雾试验中的电化学腐蚀过程。结果 在96 h盐雾试验中,Al/BN封严涂层的腐蚀过程分为2个阶段,分别为孔蚀形成期和孔蚀发展期。在前72 h的盐雾腐蚀时间里,Al/BN封严涂层的腐蚀产物对于孔洞的堵塞越来越严重,自腐蚀电流密度也处于下降状态,表明Al/BN封严涂层的腐蚀产物有效地阻止了腐蚀速度的加剧。在第2阶段,阻抗值有所下降,是因为腐蚀产物龟裂或孔洞内局部酸化造成。结论 Al/BN涂层的腐蚀产物对Al/BN封严涂层的自腐蚀速率有比较大的影响。     

物理气相沉积硬质耐腐蚀磨损防护涂层研究进展

叙述了用物理气相沉积技术制备的硬质耐腐蚀磨损防护涂层的研究进展。重点介绍了腐蚀磨损耦合工况特性和作用机理,单元、多元掺杂氮化物涂层,高熵氮化物涂层,多层、纳米多层、纳米复合、梯度氮化物涂层耐腐蚀磨损性能研究,非金属元素/金属元素掺杂DLC涂层、多层复合DLC涂层耐腐蚀磨损性能研究,并对涂层改性、强化机理和腐蚀磨损失效机制进行了总结。最后,提出了未来物理气相沉积硬质耐腐蚀磨损防护涂层重点发展的方向,应重点发展涂层组元/结构设计、力–电耦合损伤机理研究、高效率研发设计、涂层先进制备装备与评估体系等方面的能力。     

Is the bone tissue of ring-billed gulls breeding in a pollution hotspot in the St. Lawrence River,Canada, impacted by halogenated flame retardant exposure?

Bone metabolism is a tightly regulated process that controls bone remodeling and repair in addition to maintaining circulating calcium and phosphate levels. It has been shown that certain organohalogen contaminants may adversely impact bone tissue metabolism and structure in wildlife species. However, exceedingly few studies have addressed the bone-related effects of organohalogen exposure in birds. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between markers of bone metabolism and structural integrity, and concentrations of established and current-use halogenated flame retardants (FRs) in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) nesting in a known FR hotspot area in the St. Lawrence River (Montreal, Canada). Bone metabolism was assessed using plasma calcium and inorganic phosphate levels, and alkaline phophatase activity, while bone (tarsus; trabecular and cortical sections) structure quality was examined using the percentage of bone tissue comprised in the total bone volume (Bv/Tv) and bone mineral density (BMD). Bv/Tv and BMD of the tarsus tended (not significant) to be positively associated with circulating calcium levels in male ring-billed gulls. Moreover, concentrations of FRs in male bird liver (brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-154, -183, -201, and -209) and plasma (BDE-209) were negatively correlated with trabecular and cortical BMD of the tarsus. These correlative associations may suggest light demineralization of bone tissue associated with FR exposure in male ring-billed gulls. Present findings provide some evidence that bone (tarsus) metabolism and mineral composition may be impacted in high FR-exposed (mainly to PBDEs) ring-billed gulls breeding in the highly urbanized Montreal region.     

废矿堆中黄铁矿氧化控制新技术--有机盐包膜法

于３０℃时研究了有机盐包膜对湿润和干燥条件下经接氧化亚铁矿杆菌的黄铁矿氧化的控制作用，湿润下经有机盐包膜的矿石样品的氧化程度与对照相比下降了９７．８％；直接添加有机盐的下降了９６．４％，两种淋洗收集液中有关元素的浓度经ＩＣＰ测定明显低于对照。干燥下微生物未能发挥对黄铁矿的氧化作用，但经包膜后的样品与对照相比，氧化程度又下降了７５．２％，这些结果表明，有机盐包膜既有明显的抑制黄铁矿的化学氧化作用，又